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1.
São Paulo med. j ; 142(1): e20220634, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1450512

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although the concept of an "ongoing study" seems self-explanatory, it is difficult to determine whether a trial is underway. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the definitions of "ongoing clinical trial" across different clinical trial registries, methodological guidelines, and other sources. DESIGN AND SETTING: This meta-research study was conducted at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of relevant clinical trial registry databases, methodological guidelines for conducting systematic reviews, and other sources that would define or regulate clinical trials. RESULTS: We identified various heterogeneous definitions used by eligible sources at both the start and end of a clinical trial. The starting criteria used were as follows: when the team is planning the protocol, when permission is given to conduct the study, or when the first participant is enrolled. Some sources used the time at which the last outcome data was collected as a criterion to determine the end of the trial. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors stated that a study is still "ongoing" during the analysis process. Several sources use a vague definition or present no clear criteria for defining the start or end of a study. CONCLUSION: The concept of "ongoing clinical trials" lacks a transparent and homogeneous definition across relevant sources. A consensus on this concept is important to facilitate the evaluation of available evidence and conduct research synthesis. Further efforts are necessary to determine the best definition for the start and end of a clinical trial.

2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 69(3): 469-472, Mar. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1422671

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the frequency of Cochrane systematic reviews and Cochrane systematic reviews protocols using (or planning to use) the risk of bias 2.0 tool to assess the risk of bias of the included randomized clinical trials. STUDY DESIGN: This is a meta-research study. METHODS: We included Cochrane systematic reviews or Cochrane systematic reviews protocols that planned to include randomized clinical trials. We assessed the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and screened for issues published after the launch of risk of bias 2.0 tool (2019-2022). Two independent investigators performed the study selection and data extraction. RESULTS: We analyzed 440 Cochrane systematic reviews and 536 Cochrane systematic reviews protocols. Overall, 4.8% of the Cochrane systematic reviews and 28.5% of the Cochrane systematic reviews protocols used or planned to use risk of bias 2.0 tool. Although low, adherence is increasing over time. In 2019, 0% of Cochrane systematic reviews used risk of bias 2.0 tool, compared to 24.1% in 2022. In Cochrane systematic reviews protocols, adherence increased from 6.9% in 2019 to 41.5% in 2022. A total of 274 (62.1%) Cochrane systematic reviews had their protocols published before 2018; only one used risk of bias 2.0 tool and reported the change of versions in the "Differences between protocol and revision" section. CONCLUSION: The Cochrane's risk of bias 2.0 tool has low adherence among Cochrane protocols and systematic reviews. Further efforts are necessary to facilitate the implementation of this new tool.

3.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 41: e2021253, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387515

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to map and synthesize evidence on the adequacy of dietary calcium intake and dairy products in Brazilian preschoolers and schoolchildren. Data source: Evidence searches were performed in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS; via BVS) databases, with no restriction on date or language of publication. Experimental or observational studies that evaluated healthy Brazilian children between 2 and 12 incomplete years old were included. Data synthesis: A total of 18 studies were included. Seven of 11 studies of 11 studies (63.6%) identified mean values of dietary calcium intake below the age recommendation, especially in schoolchildren, with the progression of the age group. Among preschoolers, studies with direct weighing of food showed higher mean values of dietary calcium ingested compared to those with dietary recall. Children attending public daycare centers on a part-time basis tended to have inadequate calcium intake. The consumption of milk and dairy products was lower among older children, especially schoolchildren. Conclusions: Inadequate dietary calcium intake seems to be prevalent in Brazil during childhood, especially among schoolchildren. Therefore, the evaluation of milk and dairy products intake must be considered in order to desgn appropriate corrective actions.


RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear e sintetizar as evidências sobre a adequação do consumo de cálcio dietético e laticínios em crianças brasileiras pré-escolares e escolares. Fontes de dados: As buscas pelas evidências foram realizadas nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline, via PubMed) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs, via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde — BVS), sem restrição de data ou idioma de publicação. Foram incluídos estudos experimentais ou observacionais que avaliaram crianças brasileiras saudáveis com idade entre dois e 12 anos incompletos. Síntese dos dados: Foram incluídos 18 estudos. Sete de 11 estudos (63,6%) identificaram valores médios da ingesta de cálcio dietético abaixo do recomendado para a idade, principalmente em escolares, com a progressão da faixa etária. Entre os pré-escolares, estudos com pesagem direta dos alimentos apresentaram maiores valores médios de cálcio dietético ingerido comparados aos obtidos com recordatório alimentar. Crianças frequentadoras de creches públicas em regime de meio período tiveram a maior inadequação da ingesta de cálcio. A ingesta de leite e derivados foi menor entre as crianças com idade mais avançada, principalmente em escolares. Conclusões: A inadequação da ingesta de cálcio dietético parece ser prevalente no Brasil, principalmente em escolares. Sendo assim, a avaliação da ingestão de leite e derivados é um ponto a ser observado para a realização de ações corretivas nessa faixa etária.

4.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 16(4): 411-417, Oct.-Dec. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421325

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT. Panic disorder is an anxiety condition characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks. The comparison between active treatment and placebo is essential to analyze an intervention's efficacy and safety. It is important to identify and summarize the studies with higher evidence to assist health professionals and public policy managers in clinical decision-making. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and summarize all Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) that compared the efficacy and safety of any drug treatment compared to placebo for panic disorder patients. Methods: SRs published in the Cochrane Library were included without date restriction. All outcomes presented were analyzed. The methodological quality of the SRs was evaluated using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results: We included three Cochrane SRs of high methodological quality on the effects of antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and azapirones for panic disorder. All medications showed benefits in response to treatment, symptom improvement, and reduced panic attacks. Dropouts were lower with tricyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines and higher with azapirones. The occurrence of adverse events was higher for drug groups. Conclusions: Very low to moderate certainty evidence (GRADE) showed that antidepressants and benzodiazepines seem to improve clinical symptoms in individuals with short-term panic disorder compared to placebo. In addition, the use of azapirones seems to have greater adherence by patients than placebo. However, there is insufficient evidence to support its clinical efficacy.


RESUMO. O transtorno de pânico é uma condição de ansiedade caracterizada por ataques de pânico recorrentes e inesperados. A comparação entre tratamento ativo e placebo é essencial para analisar a eficácia e a segurança de uma intervenção. É importante identificar os estudos com maiores evidências para auxiliar os profissionais de saúde e gestores de políticas públicas nas decisões clínicas. Objetivo: Identificar e sumarizar todas as revisões sistemáticas (RS) publicadas na Cochrane que relatam a eficácia e a segurança de qualquer tratamento medicamentoso comparado ao placebo para pacientes com transtorno de pânico. Métodos: Foram selecionadas e analisadas todas as RS publicadas na base de dados Cochrane, sem restrição de data. A qualidade metodológica das RS foi avaliada utilizando a ferramenta AMSTAR-2. Resultados: Foram incluídas três RS Cochrane com alta qualidade metodológica que avaliaram os efeitos de antidepressivos, benzodiazepínicos e azapironas para transtorno de pânico. Todos os medicamentos mostraram benefícios na resposta ao tratamento, melhora dos sintomas e redução das crises de pânico. O número de desistências do tratamento foi baixo com antidepressivos tricíclicos e benzodiazepínicos e alto com azapironas. A ocorrência de eventos adversos foi elevada para os grupos das medicações analisadas Conclusões: Evidências de certeza muito baixa a moderada (pela Classificação de Recomendações, Avaliação, Desenvolvimento e Análises - GRADE) mostraram que antidepressivos e benzodiazepínicos parecem melhorar os sintomas clínicos em indivíduos com transtorno de pânico em menor prazo, em comparação ao placebo. Além disso, o uso de azapironas parece ter maior adesão por parte dos pacientes do que o placebo. No entanto, não há evidências suficientes para comprovar sua eficácia clínica.


Subject(s)
Humans
5.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 15(4): 421-427, Oct.-Dec. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350686

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent childhood psychiatric problems. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify, synthesize the results, and critically evaluate all Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) on the pharmacological interventions for children and adolescents (up to age 18) diagnosed with ADHD. Methods: The search was performed in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (via Wiley) in July 2020. Results: The search strategy resulted in four SRs of high methodological quality, analyzing 51 randomized clinical trials (9,013 participants). Compared to placebo, treatment with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (desipramine), amphetamine, and methylphenidate showed improvement in symptoms such as difficulty concentrating, impulsivity, and hyperactivity in the short term (up to 6 months). There was an increase in the occurrence of adverse events, such as reduced appetite, difficulty sleeping, and abdominal pain. Insufficient evidence was found to support the effects of supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conclusions: The use of TCAs, amphetamine, and methylphenidate in children and adolescents with ADHD seems to present positive effects and higher rates of minor adverse events when compared to placebo.


RESUMO. Déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) é uma das mais frequentes condições psiquiátricas da infância. Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar, sintetizar os resultados e avaliar criticamente todas as revisões sistemáticas (RS) da Cochrane sobre as intervenções farmacológicas para crianças e adolescentes (até 18 anos de idade) diagnosticados com transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade. Métodos: A pesquisa foi realizada na base de dados Cochrane de Revisões Sistemáticas — CDSR (via Wiley) em julho de 2020. Resultados: A estratégia de busca resultou em quatro RS de alta qualidade metodológica, que analisavam 51 ensaios clínicos randomizados (9.013 participantes). Comparado ao placebo, o tratamento com antidepressivos tricíclicos (desipramina), anfetamina e metilfenidato apresentou melhora nos sintomas, como dificuldade de concentração, impulsividade e hiperatividade no curto prazo (até seis meses). Houve aumento na ocorr≖ncia de eventos adversos, como redução do apetite, dificuldade para dormir e dor abdominal. Foram encontradas evid≖ncias insuficientes para apoiar os efeitos da suplementação com ácidos graxos poli-insaturados. Conclusões: Com base nos resultados de revisões sistemáticas Cochrane, o uso de antidepressivos tricíclicos, anfetamina e metilfenidato em crianças e adolescentes com TDAH parece apresentar efeitos positivos e taxas mais elevadas de eventos adversos menores quando comparado ao placebo. Dado o alto risco de viés nos estudos primários incluídos nessas RS, ainda são necessários novos ensaios clínicos randomizados com rigor metodológico para apoiar esses achados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
6.
São Paulo med. j ; 139(5): 511-513, May 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1290265

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Numerous systematic reviews on coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) treatment have been developed to provide syntheses of the large volume of primary studies. However, the methodological quality of most of these reviews is questionable and the results provided may therefore present bias. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how many systematic reviews on the therapeutic or preventive options for COVID-19 assessed the certainty of the evidence through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. METHODS: We conducted a sensitive search in MEDLINE (via PubMed) and included all systematic reviews that assessed any intervention for COVID-19. The systematic reviews included were examined to identify any planned and/or actual assessment using the GRADE approach (or absence thereof) regarding the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS: We included 177 systematic reviews and found that only 37 (21%; 37/177) assessed and reported the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. This number reduced to 27 (16.2%; 27/167) when Cochrane reviews (n = 10), in which an evaluation using GRADE is mandatory, were excluded. CONCLUSION: Most of the systematic reviews on interventions relating to COVID-19 omitted assessment of the certainty of the evidence. This is a critical methodological omission that must not be overlooked in further research, so as to improve the impact and usefulness of syntheses relating to COVID-19.


Subject(s)
Humans , COVID-19 , Bias , SARS-CoV-2
7.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 58(1): 120-126, Jan.-Mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248995

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex gastrointestinal disorder, whose understanding is relatively uncertain, and the treatment guidance decision still represents a challenge. OBJECTIVE: To identify and critically appraise systematic reviews (SRs) published in the Cochrane Database of SRs (CDSR) on the effects of interventions (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) for the treatment of IBS. METHODS: The search was conducted at the Cochrane Library in May 2020. The methodological quality of the SRs was evaluated by the AMSTAR-2 tool. RESULTS: Eight SRs with moderate to high quality were included, which addressed the treatments: (a) pharmacological: volume agents, antispasmodics, antidepressants and tegaserod; and (b) non-pharmacological: homeopathy, acupuncture, phytotherapy, biofeedback, psychological interventions and hypnotherapy. The results were favorable to antispasmodic drugs and antidepressants regarding the improvement of clinical symptoms. There was no difference between volume agents or tegaserod when compared to placebo. Acupuncture and homeopathy showed a little improvement in symptoms compared to placebo, but the certainty of this evidence was considered low to very low. Psychological interventions seem to improve the overall assessment of the patient and relief symptoms such as abdominal pain. However, there was no long-term follow-up of these patients. The results of the other treatments were considered uncertain due to the high risk of bias. CONCLUSION: Considering the low quality of the studies included in the SRs, pharmacological treatment with antispasmodics and antidepressants seems to be beneficial for patients with IBS. Among non-pharmacological interventions, psychological interventions seem to be beneficial. However, further clinical trials are recommended with greater methodological rigor to prove these findings.


RESUMO CONTEXTO: A síndrome do intestino irritável (SII) é um distúrbio gastrointestinal complexo, cujo entendimento é relativamente incerto e a decisão de orientação do tratamento ainda representa um desafio. OBJETIVO: Identificar e avaliar criticamente as revisões sistemáticas (RSs) publicadas na base de dados de RSs Cochrane (CDSR) sobre os efeitos das intervenções (farmacológicas e não farmacológicas) para o tratamento da SII. MÉTODOS: A busca foi realizada na Biblioteca Cochrane em maio de 2020. A qualidade metodológica das RSs foi avaliada pela ferramenta AMSTAR-2. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídas oito RSs com qualidade moderada a alta, as quais abordaram os tratamentos: (a) farmacológico - agentes de volume, antiespasmódicos, antidepressivos e o tegaserod; e (b) não farmacológico - homeopatia, acupuntura, fitoterapia, biofeedback, intervenções psicológicas e hipnoterapia. Os resultados foram favoráveis aos medicamentos antiespasmódicos e antidepressivos em relação à melhora dos sintomas clínicos. Não houve diferença entre os agentes de volume ou tegaserod quando comparados ao placebo. Acupuntura e homeopatia apresentaram pequena melhora dos sintomas em comparação ao placebo, porém a qualidade da evidência foi considerada baixa a muito baixa. As intervenções psicológicas parecem melhorar a avaliação global do paciente e alívio de sintomas como dor abdominal. Contudo, não houve acompanhamento desses pacientes a longo prazo. Os resultados dos demais tratamentos foram considerados incertos devido ao alto risco de viés. CONCLUSÃO: Considerando a baixa qualidade dos estudos incluídos nas RSs, o tratamento farmacológico com antiespasmódicos e antidepressivos parece ser benéfico para os pacientes com SII. Entre os não-farmacológicos, as intervenções psicológicas parecem obter benefícios. Entretanto, novos ensaios clínicos são recomendados com maior rigor metodológico para comprovar estes achados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/drug therapy , Abdominal Pain , Phytotherapy
8.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 55(4): 432-437, Jul.-Aug. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138055

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives To analyze the results of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with remnant-preserving versus remnant-resecting technique, concerning the return to pre-lesion activity level. Methods The present retrospective cohort study has assessed adults > 18 years old who underwent ACL anatomical reconstruction between 2010 and 2014. The main outcomes assessed were: level of physical activity (4-point scale), sports participation rate, ACL rerupture defined as documented lesion requiring revision surgery and the numeric pain scale rate (NPSR). Results A total of 83 individuals were included in the study, with a mean age of 31.8 years old and follow-up mean time of 4.2 years after the surgery. A total of 34 patients underwent ACL reconstruction with remnant-preserving technique, and 49 without remnant preservation. No statistically significant difference was found between groups in all outcomes assessed: level of physical activity before the lesion and after the surgery, ACL rerupture rates and postoperative pain level. Subgroup analysis has shown a statistically significant decrease in the activity level in both groups. The most practiced sport was football; 72% of patients in the remnant group have resumed football activity versus 52.6% of the control group. Conclusion Based in these findings, the comparison between ACL reconstruction with remnant preserving technique and remnant resecting technique has shown no differences concerning the return to prelesion activity level.


Resumo Objetivo Analisar os resultados da reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) com preservação do remanescente, comparada à técnica convencional, no retorno do paciente ao nível de atividade física pré-lesão. Métodos Estudo transversal retrospectivo, que avaliou indivíduos adultos submetidos à reconstrução anatômica do LCA no período de 2010 a 2014. Os desfechos analisados foram: nível de atividade física, taxa retorno ao esporte, relesão do LCA definida como lesão documentada que necessite de nova reconstrução ligamentar, e dor pela escala numérica de dor (EVN). Resultados Foram incluídos 83 indivíduos com média de 31,8 anos de idade e seguimento médio de 4,2 anos após a cirurgia, 34 submetidos à reconstrução do LCA com preservação do remanescente, e 49 à convencional. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos na frequência de atividade física pré-lesão e pós-operatória, na taxa de relesão do LCA reconstruído e na intensidade da dor no pós-operatório. Na análise intragrupos, houve uma queda estatisticamente significativa na frequência da prática de atividade física pós-operatória para ambos os grupos em comparação ao nível pré-lesão. O tipo de esporte mais praticado foi o futebol, onde 72% pacientes do grupo remanescente retornaram ao esporte comparado a 52,6% do grupo controle; porém, essa diferença não foi estatisticamente significante. Conclusão Não foi possível observar diferenças entre os pacientes submetidos às técnicas cirúrgicas de reconstrução LCA com e sem a preservação do remanescente em relação ao retorno ao esporte, frequência de atividade física e intensidade da dor. Estudos futuros prospectivos são necessários.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pain , Pain, Postoperative , Rupture , Sports , Exercise , Incidence , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction , Return to Sport , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries , Football
9.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 42(7): 427-435, July 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137856

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective We performed a systematic review to assess the effectiveness and safety of Tribulus terrestris to treat female sexual dysfunction (FSD). Data sources We performed unrestricted electronic searches in the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL, PsycINFO,WHO-ICTR, Clinicaltrials.gov and OpenGrey databases. Selection of studies We included any randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared T. terrestris versus inactive/active interventions. After the selection process, conducted by two reviewers, 5 RCTs (n = 279 participants) were included. Data collection Data extraction was performed by two reviewers with a preestablished data collection formulary. Data synthesis Due to lack of data and clinical heterogeneity, we could not perform meta-analyses. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) tool, and the certainty of evidence was assessed with Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE). Results After 1 to 3 months of treatment, premenopausal and postmenopausal women randomized to T. terrestris had a significant increase in sexual function scores. Three months of treatment with T. terrestris showed a significant increase in the serum testosterone levels of premenopausal women. There was no report of serious adverse events, and none of the studies assessed health-related quality of life. The certainty of the evidence was very low, whichmeans that we have very little confidence in the effect estimates, and future studies are likely to change these estimates. Conclusion MoreRCTs are needed to supportor refute the use of T. terrestris. The decision to use this intervention should be shared with the patients, and the uncertainties around its effects should be discussed in the clinical decision-making process. Number of Protocol registration in PROSPERO database: CRD42019121130


Resumo Objetivo Nós realizamos uma revisão sistemática para avaliar a efetividade e a segurança do Tribulus terrestris no tratamento da disfunção sexual feminina (DSF). Fontes de dados Nós realizados uma busca eletrônica irrestrita nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL, PsycINFO, WHO-ICTR, Clinicaltrials.gov, e OpenGrey. Seleção dos estudos Nós incluímos todos os ensaios clínico randomizados (ECR) que comparou T. terrestris com controles ativos/inativos. Após o processo de seleção, conduzido por 2 revisores, 5 ECRs (n = 279 participantes) foram incluídos. Extração de dados O processo de extração de dados foi realizado por dois revisores, utilizando-se um formulário de extração de dados pré-estabelecido. Síntese de dados Devido à falta de dados disponíveis e à heterogeneidade clínica entre os estudos incluídos, nós não realizamos meta-análises. O risco de viés foi avaliado pela tabela de risco de viés da Cochrane e, a certeza do corpo da evidência foi avaliada pelo Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE). Resultados Após 1 a três 3 meses de tratamento, mulheres na pré e pós-menopausa randomizadas ao T. terrestris tiveram um aumento significante nos escores de função sexual. O grupo com 3 meses de tratamento com T. terrestris exibiu um aumento significante dos níveis séricos de testosterona emmulheres pré-menopausa. Não houve relato de eventos adversos graves, e nenhum estudo avaliou qualidade de vida das participantes. A certeza da evidência foi considerada muito baixa, o que significa que existe pouca certeza na estimativa dos efeitos e que é provável que futuros estudos mudem estas estimativas. Conclusão Mais ECRs são importantes para apoiar ou refutar o uso do T. terrestris. A decisão de usar essa intervenção deve ser compartilhada com pacientes, e as incertezas sobre seus efeitos devem ser discutidas durante o processo de decisão clínica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/drug therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Tribulus/chemistry , Saponins/adverse effects , Saponins/therapeutic use , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/blood , Testosterone/blood , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , Premenopause , Postmenopause , Diosgenin/analogs & derivatives , Diosgenin/adverse effects , Diosgenin/therapeutic use
10.
Diagn. tratamento ; 24(3): [119-125], jul - set. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1026704

ABSTRACT

Contexto: Estima-se que no Brasil 72% das pessoas ativas no mercado de trabalho apresentem algum problema relacionado ao estresse ocupacional, e aproximadamente 32% delas são diagnosticadas como tendo síndrome de burnout. Objetivo: Apresentar as evidências de revisões sistemáticas (RSs) Cochrane sobre eficácia e segurança das estratégias de tratamento e prevenção da síndrome de burnout. Métodos: RSs foram incluídas a partir de busca sistematizada realizada na Biblioteca Cochrane e após a adequação aos critérios de elegibilidade. O resumo e a certeza no corpo das evidências encontradas por cada revisão foram apresentados. Resultados: Foram incluídas seis RSs que avaliaram estratégias de prevenção e tratamento de burnout e outros sintomas relacionados ao desgaste emocional do trabalho em diferentes categorias profissionais. A certeza no corpo das evidências obtidas foi baixa ou muito baixa para a maioria dos desfechos. A única evidência com moderada certeza de seus resultados mostrou que técnicas de relaxamento, quando comparadas a nenhuma intervenção, parecem reduzir o estresse de profissionais da saúde. Conclusão: Apesar da elevada prevalência e das crescentes estimativas de incidência no Brasil e em todo o mundo, ainda há poucos estudos primários e RSs Cochrane avaliando os efeitos de intervenções com potencial de prevenir ou tratar a síndrome de burnout. Nenhuma das RSs identificadas aqui forneceu evidências robustas de alta certeza sobre intervenções para o manejo desta síndrome. RSs conduzidas sob o rigor da metodologia Cochrane precisam ainda esclarecer os efeitos (benefícios e riscos) de alternativas terapêuticas farmacológicas e não farmacológicas já usadas na prática clínica para promoção da saúde do trabalhador no sentido de prevenir e tratar a síndrome de burnout.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Burnout, Professional , Review , Evidence-Based Medicine , Evidence-Based Practice , Clinical Decision-Making
11.
São Paulo med. j ; 136(6): 579-585, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-991688

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Insomnia is a frequent complaint that generates more than five million visits to doctors per year in the United States. This study summarizes all Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) that evaluated interventions to treat insomnia. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review of SRs, conducted in the Discipline of Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). METHODS: A sensitive search was carried out in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify Cochrane SRs that assessed the effects of any type of intervention for people with insomnia. The results, main characteristics of the SRs and the certainty of the evidence obtained from them were synthesized and discussed. RESULTS: Seven SRs were included. They addressed the benefits and harm of acupuncture (n = 1), behavioral interventions (n = 1), music (n = 1), pharmacotherapy (n = 2), phototherapy (n = 1) and physical exercise (n = 1). The certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture, music, physical exercise, paroxetine, doxepin, trimipramine and trazodone seem to present some benefit for patients with insomnia. However, the uncertainty around these results means that no robust and definitive recommendations for clinical practice can be made until the benefits and harms from each intervention for patients with insomnia have been confirmed through further studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Evidence-Based Medicine , Systematic Reviews as Topic , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapy , Sleep/physiology , Exercise , Acupuncture Therapy/standards , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy , Music Therapy/standards , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
12.
Diagn. tratamento ; 23(4): [141-146], out-dez 2018. tab, fig
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-987476

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Guidelines em saúde somente terão benefícios potenciais se tiverem sido planejadas e desenvolvidas com alto rigor metodológico. Objetivos: Apresentar e descrever os itens da ferramenta Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation, AGREE II. Métodos: Estudo descritivo realizado na Disciplina de Medicina Baseada em Evidências da Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp). Resultados: Os 23 itens da ferramenta AGREE II foram apresentados em sua versão em português, assim como as recomendações para sua aplicação. Conclusão: O AGREE II é uma ferramenta internacional, já disponível em vários idiomas, e que avalia o rigor metodológico e a transparência com que uma guideline é desenvolvida. Pode ser aplicada a guidelines novas, já existentes ou atualizações de guidelines prévias. O uso do AGREE II no desenvolvimento de guidelines em saúde precisa ser disseminado, uma vez que tais guidelines somente terão benefícios potenciais se tiverem sido planejadas e desenvolvidas com alto rigor metodológico.


Subject(s)
Clinical Protocols , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Evidence-Based Medicine , Guideline Adherence , Methodology as a Subject
13.
São Paulo med. j ; 136(5): 472-478, Sept.-Oct. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-979377

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The therapeutic effects of cannabinoid compounds have been the center of many investigations. This study provides a synthesis on all Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) that assessed the use of cannabinoids as a therapeutic approach. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review of SRs, conducted in the Discipline of Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). METHODS: A broad search was conducted in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to retrieve any Cochrane SRs that assessed the efficacy and safety of cannabinoids as a therapeutic approach. The results and key characteristics of all reviews included were summarized and discussed. RESULTS: Eight SRs were included. They assessed the use of cannabinoids for the following types of conditions: neurological (two SRs), psychiatric (two SRs), rheumatological (one SR), infectious (one SR) and oncological (two SRs). There was moderate-quality evidence showing that the use of cannabinoids reduced nausea and vomiting among adults, compared with placebo. Additionally, there was moderate-quality evidence showing that there was no difference between cannabinoids and prochlorperazine regarding the number of participants who reported vomiting, in this same population. CONCLUSIONS: This review identified eight Cochrane systematic reviews that provided evidence of unknown to moderate quality regarding the use of cannabinoids as a therapeutic intervention. Further studies are still imperative for solid conclusions to be reached regarding practical recommendations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cannabinoids/therapeutic use , Systematic Reviews as Topic , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Vomiting/drug therapy , Fibromyalgia/drug therapy , Tourette Syndrome/drug therapy , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Evidence-Based Medicine/standards , Dementia/drug therapy , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Nausea/drug therapy
14.
Diagn. tratamento ; 23(3): [101-104], jul.-set. 2018. fig, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-969297

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O registro prospectivo de protocolos de revisões sistemáticas (RSs) permite avaliar a condução do estudo e a qualidade do relato de seus resultados, aumentando a transparência e a reprodutibilidade. Objetivos: Apresentar a base de registros PROSPERO e descrever suas principais características. Métodos: Estudo descritivo realizado na Disciplina de Medicina Baseada em Evidências da Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp). Resultados: A PROSPERO é uma base de registros de RSs, gratuita, mantida pelo Centre of Reviews and Dissemination, da Universidade de York, e financiada pelo National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). Atualmente, há mais de 35.000 registros de RSs em andamento em humanos ou animais que estudam desfechos em saúde. Conclusão: PROSPERO é uma base pública de registro de protocolos de revisões sistemáticas criada em 2011, que conta até o momento com mais de 35.000 protocolos registrados. O registro prospectivo desses protocolos já é recomendado por muitos periódicos em saúde com o objetivo de minimizar o risco de viés de publicação e a duplicidade de revisões para responder a uma mesma questão clínica.


Subject(s)
Registries , Clinical Protocols , Epidemiologic Methods , Review , Evidence-Based Medicine
15.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 53(4): 499-502, July-Aug. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-959169

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The authors report a rare case of osteochondritis dissecans of the trochlea. The treatment of these lesions, in which the osteochondral fragment is not viable, is difficult and often limited in Brazil. A clinical case is presented with functional and radiological outcomes after treatment with microfracture technique, bone graft, and collagen membrane coverage.


RESUMO Os autores relatam um caso raro de osteocondrite dissecante de tróclea. O tratamento dessas lesões com inviabilidade do fragmento osteocondral é difícil e muitas vezes limitado no nosso meio. Os autores apresentam resultados clínicos e radiológicos após o tratamento com a técnica de microfratura, enxertia óssea e cobertura com membrana de colágeno.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Osteochondritis Dissecans , Cartilage, Articular , Knee Joint
16.
São Paulo med. j ; 136(4): 354-360, July-Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-962731

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal and increased growth of the cells that produce keratin and abnormal functioning of the immune system. We aimed to summarize the evidence available regarding interventions for patients with psoriasis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review of systematic reviews, developed in the Discipline of Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted to identify Cochrane systematic reviews that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Two authors screened titles and abstracts that had been retrieved through the search strategy. The results from all the Cochrane systematic reviews that were included were summarized and presented in a narrative synthesis. RESULTS: We included six Cochrane systematic reviews assessing interventions for treating psoriasis. The findings from high-quality evidence were that (a) etanercept reduced the psoriasis severity index, compared with placebo and (b) steroids plus vitamin D, compared with vitamin D alone, improved the skin clearance rate, as assessed by investigators, but was associated with a higher proportion of participants who dropped out due to adverse events. For all other comparisons, the quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low. CONCLUSION: This review included six Cochrane systematic reviews that provided evidence ranging in quality from unknown to high, regarding management of psoriasis. Further randomized controlled trials are imperative to reduce the uncertainties relating to several treatments that are already used in clinical practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psoriasis/therapy , Clinical Trials as Topic , Evidence-Based Medicine , Systematic Reviews as Topic
17.
São Paulo med. j ; 136(3): 251-261, May-June 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-962722

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: This study identified and summarized all Cochrane systematic reviews (SRs) on the effects of ten integrative practices that were recently added to the Brazilian public healthcare system (SUS). DESIGN AND SETTING: Review of systematic reviews, conducted in the Discipline of Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp). METHODS: Review of Cochrane SRs on the following interventions were identified, summarized and critically assessed: apitherapy, aromatherapy, bioenergetics, family constellation, flower therapy, chromotherapy, geotherapy, hypnotherapy, hand imposition or ozone therapy. RESULTS: We included a total of 16 SRs: 4 on apitherapy, 4 on aromatherapy, 6 on hypnotherapy and 2 on ozone therapy. No Cochrane SR was found regarding bioenergetics, family constellation, chromotherapy, clay therapy, flower therapy or hand imposition. The only high-quality evidence was in relation to the potential benefit of apitherapy, specifically regarding some benefits from honey dressings for partial healing of burn wounds, for reduction of coughing among children with acute coughs and for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings. CONCLUSION: Except for some specific uses of apitherapy (honey for burn wounds and for acute coughs and bee venom for allergic reactions to insect stings), the use of ten integrative practices that have recently been incorporated into SUS does not seem to be supported by evidence from Cochrane SRs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Review Literature as Topic , Integrative Medicine/methods , Ozone/therapeutic use , Aromatherapy/methods , Evidence-Based Medicine/standards , Apitherapy/methods , Hypnosis/methods
18.
Diagn. tratamento ; 22(4): 169-175, Out.-dez. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-875481

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Apesar da importância do relato adequado de estudos científicos, muitos ensaios clínicos continuam sendo publicados inadequadamente, com a exposição incompleta ou ambígua de seus métodos e resultados, dificultando conclusões sólidas sobre a efetividade da intervenção estudada e sobre a reprodutibilidade dos procedimentos. Várias guidelines foram elaboradas com o objetivo de melhorar o relato e aumentar a transparência dos estudos científicos na área da saúde. Objetivos: Apresentar a ferramenta CONSORT (CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials), suas extensões e ferramentas derivadas, que objetivam orientar a redação de artigos baseados em ensaios clínicos. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e de análise crítica realizado na Disciplina de Medicina Baseada em Evidências da Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), com busca da literatura. Resultados: A busca inicial resultou em 18 ferramentas. Foram incluídas a ferramenta CONSORT original e 17 extensões e ferramentas derivadas, elaboradas para desenhos ou situações clínicas mais específicos. Conclusão: O relato de estudos científicos deve ser realizado de forma clara, transparente e completa, ou seja, apresentar todas as informações que são necessárias para a interpretação e a reprodutibilidade do estudo, sem ocultação de detalhes importantes. A ferramenta CONSORT e suas extensões derivadas são essenciais para a adequação do relato de ensaios clínicos e seu uso deve ser incentivado.


Subject(s)
Clinical Trial , Evidence-Based Medicine , Manuals and Guidelines for Research Management , Publication Bias , Publication Components , Publication Formats
19.
São Paulo med. j ; 135(5): 497-507, Sept.-Oct. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-904102

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Despite the high prevalence of vitamin D supplementation, its use remains controversial. The objective of this review was to identify and summarize the evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews regarding vitamin D supplementation for preventing ortreating any clinical condition. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review of systematic reviews, conducted in the Discipline of Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: A search was conducted to identify all Cochrane systematic reviews that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Titles and abstracts were screened by two authors. RESULTS: We included 27 Cochrane systematic reviews: 10 assessing use of vitamin D for prevention and 17 for treatment. The reviews found moderate to high quality of evidence regarding the benefit of vitamin D for pregnant women (prevention of adverse events: preterm birth risk [rate ratio, RR 0.36; 95% confidence interval, CI 0.14 to 0.93] and low birthweight risk [RR 0.40; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.67]) and for asthma patients (reduction of severe exacerbations [RR 0.63; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.88]). No benefit was found regarding vitamin D supplementation alone (without calcium) for preventing hip or any new fracture. For all other outcomes assessed under various conditions, the current quality of evidence is low or unknown, and therefore insufficient for any recommendation. CONCLUSION: Based on moderate to high quality of evidence, the Cochrane systematic reviews included here showed that there were some benefits from vitamin D supplementation for pregnant women and asthma patients and no benefits for preventing fractures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Vitamin D/administration & dosage , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications , Review Literature as Topic , Evidence-Based Medicine , Dietary Supplements , Fractures, Bone/prevention & control , Vitamin D Deficiency/prevention & control , Vitamins/administration & dosage
20.
Diagn. tratamento ; 22(3): 121-126, Jul.-Aug. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-848018

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Apesar da importância do uso de ferramentas para orientar a publicação de um estudo científico de maneira adequada, muitos estudos continuam sendo publicados inadequadamente, prejudicando a exposição de seus métodos e resultados. Objetivos: Apresentar a ferramenta STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) e suas ferramentas derivadas, voltadas para orientar a redação de relatórios de estudos observacionais do tipo coorte, caso-controle e transversal. Métodos: Estudo narrativo e de análise crítica realizado na Disciplina de Medicina Baseada em Evidências da Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), com busca da literatura. Resultados: Após a busca inicial, foram identificadas 13 ferramentas, incluindo o STROBE, e 12 ferramentas específicas, derivadas do STROBE e voltadas para estudos observacionais em situações específicas, como reumatologia, infecção neonatal e epidemiologia molecular. Conclusão: Foram encontradas e sintetizadas 13 ferramentas para orientar a redação de artigos observacionais (coorte, caso-controle e transversais). O uso dessas ferramentas deve ser estimulado por revistas científicas com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade.


Subject(s)
Evidence-Based Medicine , Manuals and Guidelines for Research Management , Observational Studies as Topic , Publication Bias , Publication Components , Publication Formats
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